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Solvent dye is a dye which is soluble in an organic solvent and is mostly introduced in the form of a solution in an organic solvent.
Dyes are generally defined along the lines of being coloured aromatic compounds that can ionise. One class of dyes is an exception to this. These colours by dissolving in the target material, which is invariably a lipid or non-polar solvent. The colour index uses this as a classification and naming system. Each dye is named according to the pattern: solvent+ base colour + number.
These days are thereby specifically identified as dyes of the stateed colour, and whose primary mechanism of staining is by dissolving. Note that this is a functional and colour classification. It contains no chemical information, neither does it imply that dyes with similar names but unique numbers are in any way related. It should also be noted that the classification refers to the primary mechanism of staining. Other mechanisms may also be possible but are rare.
As a general principle, solvent dyes do not ionize. Many are azo dyes which have undergone some molecular rearrangment and lost the ability to ionizer. In the process they gained the ability to dissolve in non-polar materials such as triglycerides. They are commonly used to stain such materials in sections. They are frequently called lysochrome dyes. Lyso-meaning dissolve, and - chrome meaning colour.
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